Humzah Butt Essays (488 words) - Human Behavior, Rites Of Passage

Humzah Butt Today I will convince you guys that hazing in HS and college campuses should be abolished. We're all college students in here and I'm pretty sure we all have been involved in at least a club or a sports team growing up as well as we all have been in a situation where we were forced to do something that we didn't want to do. Well whether you knew it or not, you were being hazed. This topic is important to me because when I was in High School, I was hazed while I was on the basketball team. While many believe that hazing is nothing more than a harmless prank that can bring a team or group "closer", but in reality, it results in more danger than fun. Hazing has led to multiple deaths on college campuses. One example of hazing leading to a death of a student happened on September 14th, 2017 when Maxwell Gruver who was an 18-yr old pledge at LSU was taken to the hospital after an alleged drinking game hazing ritual known as "bible study". He was pronounced dead the same day. The cause of death was stated as being from "acute alcohol intoxication with aspiration". There are roughly 5,500 fraternities in the United States and about 55% of college students involved in clubs, organizations and teams experience hazing. As of 2017, there has already been 4 deaths due to hazing. Students who experience hazing tend to get future mental illnesses. Sometimes because of shame or self-blame, we do not hear about the psychological effects of hazing. These cases do not make the news or even reported the same way that physical trauma is but the negative psychological effects of hazing can be both long lasting and just as traumatic to the victim and their families. What we don't know about another individual can be the ultimate harm of hazing. Someone who joined an organization or team could have experienced something in their lives that makes them highly likely to serious repercussions if they're hazed. So now that we know that hazing can lead to more harm than good, we need to find ways to control and eventually end hazing on campuses. One way that we can prevent hazing is to reduce the power differential between members and initiatives of the fraternities. Members of frats do not have an innate desire to haze, but they are often placed in situations where they can exert power over new members. By creating a new athmospere where new members can discuss their experiences with existing members without punishment, the existing members will find fewer opportunities to haze. Other ways to prevent hazing on campuses would be to enforce the drinking age as well as having curfews for big frat parties. And most of all, the faculty and administration of the college/university should have more oversight of the fraternities. In conclusion, Hazing

How to Use the Major French Verb Vouloir

How to Use the Major French Verb Vouloir The French verb  vouloir means to want or to wish. It is one of the  10 most common French verbs  and you will use it just as much as  avoir  and à ªtre. It has several different meanings, depending on the tense and mood, and its the driving element in numerous idiomatic expressions. Vouloir  is also an irregular verb, which means that you will need to memorize the conjugation because it doesnt rely on a common pattern. Dont worry, though, well discuss everything you need to know about  vouloir. Vouloir  and Politeness The French verb vouloir is frequently used to politely ask for something in French. Je voudrais tà ©là ©phoner sil vous plaà ®t. -  I would like to make a phone call, please.Voulez-vous maider, sil vous plaà ®t? -  Will you help me, please?Veux-tu tasseoir, sil te plaà ®t  ? -  Please sit down.Voulez-vous venir avec moi?  - Do you want to come with me? Vouloir is also frequently used to politely extend an offer or invitation. Note that in French, it is used in the present indicative whereas English would use the present conditional. Est-ce que tu veux dà ®ner avec moi ? -  Would you like to have dinner with me?Voulez-vous un peu plus de pain ? -  Would you like a little more bread? When someone invites you to do something saying, Would you like to..., your response should be just as subtle. Answering Non, je ne veux pas (No, I dont want to.) is quite strong and considered too blunt. To accept, we usually say, Oui, je veux bien. (Yes, Id love to.) Here again, we use the present indicative, not the conditional. Or you can just say, Volontiers. (With pleasure.) To refuse, its common to apologize and then explain why you cannot accept, using the irregular verb devoir in the response. For example, Ah, je voudrais bien, mais je ne peux pas. Je dois travailler...  (Ah, Id love to, but I cant. I have to work...). Memorizing Conjugations of  Vouloir We will examine more meanings of  vouloir  in French expressions later in this lesson. First,  lets learn how to conjugate  vouloir. Remember that this is an irregular verb, so you will need to commit each form to memory. This lesson can seem intense and it is a lot to memorize, thats why its best to take it one step at a time. As you begin, concentrate on the most useful tenses, including  the prà ©sent, imparfait, and passà © composà © and practice  using them in context. Once youve mastered those, go ahead and move on to the rest. Its also strongly recommended to train with an audio source.  There are many liaisons, elisions. and modern glidings used  with French verbs, and the written form may mislead you into assuming an incorrect pronunciation.   Vouloir  in the  Infinitive Mood To serve as a foundation for the conjugations of  vouloir, it is important to understand the infinitive forms of the verb. Theyre rather easy and you already know the present infinitive. Present Infinitive (Infinitif Prà ©sent):  vouloir Past Infinitive (Infinitif Passà ©):  avoir voulu Vouloir  Conjugated in the  Indicative Mood The most important conjugations of any French verb are those in the indicative mood. These state the action as a fact and include the present, past, and future tenses. Make these a priority while studying  vouloir . Present (Prsent)je veuxtu veuxil veutnous voulonsvous voulezils veulent Present Perfect (Pass compos)jai voulutu as vouluil a voulunous avons vouluvous avez vouluils ont voulu Imperfect (Imparfait)je voulaistu voulaisil voulaitnous voulionsvous vouliezils voulaient Pluperfect (Plus-que-parfait)javais voulutu avais vouluil avait voulunous avions vouluvous aviez vouluils avaient voulu Future (Futur)je voudraitu voudrasil voudranous voudronsvous voudrezils voudront Future Perfect (Futur antrieur)jaurai voulutu auras vouluil aura voulunous aurons vouluvous aurez vouluils auront voulu Simple Past (Pass simple)je voulustu voulusil voulutnous voulmesvous voultesils voulurent Past Anterior (Pass antrieur)jeus voulutu eus vouluil eut voulunous emes vouluvous etes vouluils eurent voulu Vouloir  Conjugated in the  Conditional Mood The conditional mood is used when the verbs action is uncertain. It implies that the wanting will only happen if certain conditions are met. The politeness associated with  vouloir  appears again when using it in the conditional mood.   For example: Je voudrais du thà ©. -  I would like some tea.Voudriez-vous venir avec nous  ? -  Would you like to come with us?  Je voudrais ceci. -  I would like this one.Je voudrais faire un enfant. -  Id like to have a child. Present Cond. (Cond. Prsent) Past Cond. (Cond. Pass) je voudraistu voudraisil voudraitnous voudrionsvous voudriezils voudraient jaurais voulutu aurais vouluil aurait voulunous aurions vouluvous auriez vouluils auraient voulu Vouloir  Conjugated in the  Subjunctive Mood Similar to the conditional, the subjunctive mood is used when the action is questionable in some way. Present Subjunctive (Subjonctif Prsent)que je veuilleque tu veuillesquil veuilleque nous voulionsque vous vouliezquils veuillent Past Subjunctive (Subjonctif Pass)que jaie vouluque tu aies vouluquil ait vouluque nous ayons vouluque vous ayez vouluquils aient voulu Subj. Imperfect (Subj. Imparfait)que je voulusseque tu voulussesquil voultque nous voulussionsque vous voulussiezquils voulussent Subj. Pluperfect (Subj. Plus-que-parfait)que jeusse vouluque tu eusses vouluquil et vouluque nous eussions vouluque vous eussiez vouluquils eussent voulu Vouloir  Conjugated in the  Imperative Mood The present imperative of  vouloir  is also used to politely say something like, Could you please. This is little weird since in French we dont use can but instead use want. Veuillez  mexcusez. -  Would you please excuse me?  / Could you excuse me?Veuillez  mexcuser. -  Please (be so kind as to) excuse me.Veuillez vous asseoir. -  Please sit down.Veuillez  patienter. -  Please wait. Note that even though it is listed in grammar books, rarely will you hear anyone use the  tu  form in the imperative, as in: Veuille  mexcuser. We would say instead,  Est-ce  que  tu  veux  bien  mexcuser  ? Present Imperative (Impratif Prsent) Past Imperative (Impratif Pass) veux/veuillevoulonsvoulez/veuillez aie vouluayons vouluayez voulu Vouloir in the  Participle Mood As you become more fluent in French, its a good idea to study and understand how to use the particle moods for verbs. Since  vouloir  is such a common verb, youll certainly want to study its usage in these forms. Present Participle (Participe Prà ©sent):  voulant Past Participle (Participe Passà ©):  voulu / ayant voulu Perfect Participle (Participe P.C.): ayant voulu​ Vouloir-isms There are a couple of peculiarities about using  vouloir  that you should be familiar with. When  vouloir  is followed directly by an infinitive, there is no need to add a preposition.  For example: Je veux le faire. -  I want to do it.Nous voulons savoir. -  We want to know. When  vouloir  is used  in  a  main clause  and there is  another verb in a  subordinate clause, that verb should be in the  subjunctive. These are mainly  vouloir que  constructions. For example: Je veux quil le fasse. -  I want him to do it.Nous voulons que tu le saches.   We want you to know (it). The Many Meanings of  Vouloir Vouloir is used to mean many things in many constructions and it is commonly found in French phrases. Some of this derives from its propensity to play a part in versatile  idiomatic expressions. Vouloir, cest pouvoir.  (proverb) - Where theres a will, theres a way.ne pas vouloir blesser quelquun -  to not mean to hurt someonene pas vouloir quon se croie obligà © -  to not want someone to feel obliged Vouloir  may be used as a strong will or command in various contexts. Je veux danser avec toi. -   I want to dance with you.Voulez-vous parler  ? -   Do you wish to speak?Je ne veux pas le faire  ! -   I dont want to / I wont do it!Je ne veux pas de dessert. -   I dont want any dessert.Il ne veut pas venir.  -  He doesnt want to come.vouloir faire  -  to want to dovouloir que quelquun fasse quelque chose  -  to want someone to do somethingQue veux-tu que je te dise?  -  What do you want me to say to you?sans le vouloir -   without meaning to,  unintentionallyJe lai vexà © sans le vouloir. -   I upset him without meaning to. Vouloir bien  means to be willing to, to be glad to, to be good / kind enough to. Tu veux faire la vaisselle ?  -  Do you want to do the dishes?Je veux bien - Thats fine.  Je veux bien le faire.  -   Ill be happy to do it.Elle veut bien lacheter, mais il ne le vend pas.  -   Shes willing to buy it, but hes not selling it.Aidez-moi, si vous voulez bien. -   Help me, if you would be so kind. Vouloir dire  translates as to mean.   Quest-ce que à §a veut dire?  -  What does that mean?Mais enfin, quest-ce que à §a veut dire? -  Whats all this about then?Que veut dire volontiers ? -   What does  volontiers  mean?Volontiers veut dire gladly. -   Volontiers means gladly. En vouloir quelquun  means to be angry at someone, to bear someone  a grudge, to hold it against someone. Il men veut de lavoir fait. -   He holds it against me for doing that.Ne men veux pas  ! -   Dont be angry with me! Careful! When  en vouloir  is by itself with no object of scorn mentioned,  it can simply mean  to want some:   Elle en veux trois.  -  She wants three of them. Depending on the context and, again, without an indirect object pronoun,  en vouloir  can also mean to be ambitious or to want to make something of life.

Employment Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Employment Relations - Essay Example A few of the evidences such as CIPD (2011) provides a clear statement that there are very less organisations wherein the unions do not have any existence. It is also evidential that the labour unions have a high influence on the development of the business organisations. Justifiably, the trade unions have played a decisive role in the UK for developing the employment relationship with the help of introducing the procedure of collective bargaining and allowing the employers to design favourable policies for the employees (CIPD, 2011: 3-4). In an organization wherein both employers and unions are the part of work process, it can be stated that the employment relationship ensures successful running of business at large. With regards to the aforesaid subject, this essay is being prepared with an intention of gaining an insight about employment relationship, which prevails between the employers and the labour unions. The study has been conducted on this subject with reference to various literatures reviewed by different authors. In the conclusive part of the essay, a study has been made on the prevalence of employment relations in the organisations with unions and without the unions as well. Employment relationship, as mentioned in the earlier section is one of the prime aspects of every business organisation. In this similar context, it can be apparently observed that the unions have a significant role to play in building up of the employment relationship. For instance, as per the notion of Guest (2004: 542), employment relationship is considered as one of the wide framework of rights and responsibilities of both the employers and the employees towards forming a healthy relationship in order to reap significant benefits. Guest (2004: 542) also stated that in the ancient industrialization society of the UK and the USA, there was high prevalence of unionism in the majority of

Micro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Micro - Essay Example The logic is that the cost required to produce another unit of the output should be equal to the revenue generated from that additional unit. It is illustrated as follows. AR MC MR AC P P’ Q Q’ In the above diagram, the monopolist decides output at the point where MR=MC. The corresponding price from the demand curve is then set which is P > P’. P’ is the perfect competition price and Q is the corresponding output. (Chakraborty, 351-354) Monopoly and Deadweight Loss The monopolist makes a higher profit due to the single market and manages to appropriate a part of the consumer’s surplus. D P M P’ E C O Q MR AR In the above diagram the consumer surplus was DP’C under perfect competition. The monopolist appropriates PMEP’ amount of consumer surplus. Its producers’ surplus is P’EQO. Therefore loss of social welfare or the deadweight loss is EMC. This is lost from the society due to inefficiencies of monopoly. (Chakrabor ty, 351-354) Perfect Discrimination Perfect price discrimination is a special case of monopoly where the producer can extract the maximum price from each buyer. The producer in this case deals with each consumer individually. He has perfect information about the buyers. Therefore he is able to charge a price high enough from each buyer. The prices in this case differ from buyer to buyer.

Against Affirmative Action in College Admissions Essay

Against Affirmative Action in College Admissions - Essay Example According to Yeakey and Henderson the implementation of affirmative action in higher education was meant to increase the number of minority students accessing a college education (725-726). However, according to Professor John Fobanjong, the use of race preferential policies within selective schools issignificantly expanding the racial divide as opposed to narrowing it (2). As a result, in regards to higher education, affirmative action creates more detrimental effects than positive outcomes; therefore, these policies should not be incorporated into the admission process. According to Dr.Jamillah Moore, affirmative action should not be framed as a policy that is primarily geared towards discriminatory practices against whites or any other race (12). However, since our nation’s foundation is drenched in racial inequality, race often tends to come into the picture. Affirmative action was intended to provide opportunities, redress inequalities and improve access for the underrepresented minority groups. Education is widely believed to function as an important gateway to opportunity, andmany students aggressively compete to be accepted into the elite institutions each year. Due to the rapid increase in population, access to employment, resources, and education are quickly becoming limited necessities. Thus, when more and more students are being denied admission to lesser qualified candidates, these race While affirmative action was initially established to ensure that fair admission practices are conducted, in order to rectify the long period of severe racial discrimination, the policy is now grossly outdated and hypocritical. According to Tim Wise, these policies fight discrimination with discrimination. By favoring one group over another based on racial preference, instead of academic achievement, universities are generating a rather extreme form of reverse discrimination (69).

Development of Magnesium-Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cell

Development of Magnesium-Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cell Performance of Carbon felt cathode for Magnesium–Hydrogen peroxide fuel cells K. Naga Mahesh, Balaji Rengarajan, K.S. Dhathathreyan* Centre for Fuel Cell Technology, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), 2nd Floor, IITM Research Park, Taramani, Chennai–600113. Abstract Carbon felt and carbon cloth are used as a cathode in Magnesium-Hydrogen peroxide fuel cell. The performance of the cathode are tested in a 30 cm2 area single cell assembly along with 0.68M NaCl as anolyte and 0.5M to 2M H2O2 + H2SO4 solution as catholyte. The cell was tested in different concentration of the reactants and at temperatures 35 to 70 °C. Carbon felt cathode was shown better performance than carbon cloth. The maximum current density achieved at cell voltage 1.11V was 80 mA cm-2. Keywords: Mg-H2O2 fuel cell, Carbon felt, Carbon cloth, hydrogen peroxide, Corresponding author* Dr. K.S. Dhathathreyan, Head and Associate Director, Centre for Fuel Cell Technology, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), 2nd Floor, IITM Research Park, Taramani, Chennai–600113. Ph: +91–44–6663 2723 Email: [emailprotected] Introduction Electrochemical systems based on Magnesium–hydrogen peroxide fuel cells (Mg–H2O2) have high specific energy and are capable of converting chemical energy stored in magnesium and hydrogen peroxide to electrical energy [7]. Recently, much attention was focused due to its high theoretical voltage compared to existing semi fuel cells like Aluminum–silver oxide (Al–AgO) [1] or Aluminum–hydrogen peroxide (Al– H2O2) [2,3]. The Mg–H2O2 fuel cell has a theoretical voltage of 4.14V which is higher than the resources mentioned above [4]. The theoretical half cell and overall voltages for the Magnesium–hydrogen peroxide fuel cell system are as follows [5]: Anode: Mg à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Mg+2 + 2e E0 = 2.37 V (vs SHE) Cathode : H2O2 + 2H2 + 2e à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   2H2O E0 = 1.78 V (vs. SHE) Overall reaction : Mg + H2O2 + 2H+à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Mg+2 + 2H2O Ecell = 4.15 V (vs. SHE) The Mg–H2O2 fuel cells possess advantages of environmentally benign and low costs, prior to commercialization further improvement is necessary. The cathode materials used in Mg–H2O2 fuel cell are the key components, which determine the performance and stability of the cell [7]. Extensive studies were carried out and explored the substrates suitable for cathodic materials and hydrogen peroxide reduction reactions [6, 8]. Benette et al [9] has used fabricated Microfibre carbon electrode (MCE) as cathode in Al–H2O2 fuel cells, the fabricated MCE was covered by Pd/Ir clusters using a textile flocking technique. The MCE has shown a maximum power density of 90 mW cm-2 with increased loading of Pd/Ir on cathode to 10 mg cm-2. Carbon and Nickel foil substrates have been studied comparatively with Pd/Ir catalyst in Mg–H2O2 fuel cell. The cell voltages of 1.3V and 1.5V were obtained with nickel foil and carbon substrate catalyzed by Pd/Ir catalyst at 25 mA cm-2 [10] . To achieve a better performance and stability, besides a high catalytic activity of the catalyst toward the hydrogen peroxide reaction, the properties of the material for cathodic catalysts should be considered. Considering above aspects, carbon can be a good choice for its excellent corrosive resistance in different media. However, it is of challenge to prepare a carbon based substrate with both high electronic conductivity and good mechanical property [11]. In the present study, carbon felt and carbon cloth has been used as cathode. The fuel cell was operated in various concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2M hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid as catholyte and 0.68M NaCl as anolyte. The performance of the fuel cell in comparison with carbon cloth and Carbon felt was investigated at temperatures 35 to 70 °C and at flow rates 20, 50, 100 ml min-1. 2. Experimental 2.1 Materials All materials used in this study are reagent grade quality and used as received from SRL chemicals, without further purification. All solutions are prepared in deionised water. The anode used in AZ61 magnesium alloy supplied by Omega Enterprises. The cathode used in carbon cloth and Carbon felt supplied by Nickunj Eximp Ltd. Mg-H2O2 fuel cell tests The performance studies for carbon cloth and Carbon felt as cathode were performed in homemade Mg-H2O2 fuel cell of area 30 cm2 area single cell assembly. The active area of the electrode was 5.5 cm Ãâ€" 5.5 cm. Nafion 117 membrane was used as a PEM membrane. The distance between the membrane and electrodes is 1 mm for Mg–AZ61 anode as well as cathode (Carbon felt and carbon cloth). The testing of the cell was carried out by feeding different concentrations hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid at cathode and 0.6M sodium chloride solution at anode. The flow rates of the mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid and sodium chloride solution are supplied at 20, 50 and 100 ml min-1 by calibrated peristaltic pumps. The cell was tested at temperatures of 35, 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C and at 1 bar pressure. The cell temperature was controlled by plate heaters fixed to the cell. 3.0 Results and Discussion 3.1 Carbon felt as cathode The current in the cell has been increased in step wise of 0.5A and the corresponding voltages were recorded. Initially the OCV of the cell with carbon cloth as cathode is ~2.04V and with Carbon felt is ~2.14V. This is ~2.0V lower than the theoretical voltage this may be due to the resistance of the cell materials, and mixed potential at the anode and cathode from simultaneous oxidation of H2O2 to H2O and O2 [12]. 3.2 Effect of temperature Mg-H2O2 fuel cell is operated at temperatures 35, 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. Fig. 1 represents the electrode polarization curve at different temperatures. It can be seen that the performance of the cell improved with the increase in temperatures from 35–70 °C. At current density of 60 mA cm-2 the voltage was increased from 0.86V to 1.41V with increase in temperatures from 35–70 °C. This behavior of the cell is due to reduction of hydrogen peroxide in high temperatures [6]. Even though the cell performance increased, the instability in the mass transport region at higher current densities may be attributed to formation of gas bubbles due to the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide during discharge process [7]. 3.2 Effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration The activity of the Mg-H2O2 fuel cell increases with increasing in concentration of hydrogen peroxide. However, at high concentrations the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide also occurs [6]. The effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration has been investigated in concentrations of 0.5M H2O2+1.5M H2SO4 and 2M H2O2+2M H2SO4 for carbon cloth and Carbon felt. The concentrations of the catholyte have been optimized by running the fuel cell at concentrations 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2M hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid. 0.5M H2O2+1.5M H2SO4 and 2M H2O2+2M H2SO4 have been chosen for the present study as they demonstrated good performance in comparison with others. Fig. 2 shows the performance of carbon cloth and Carbon felt at 70 °C with concentrations of 0.5M H2O2+1.5M H2SO4 and 2M H2O2+2M H2SO4. The increase in concentration of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid improved the cell performance [7]. The cathode with carbon cloth has shown maximum power density of 9.1 mW cm-2 and 6.01 mW cm-2 at 0.72V and 0.78 V and current density of 10 mA cm-2 at voltages of 0.88V and 0.55V for 2M H2O2+2M H2SO4 and 0.5M H2O2+1.5M H2SO4 concentrations, while the cathode with carbon fibre felt shown maximum power density of 91 mW cm-2 and 89 mW cm-2 at 1.3V and 1.16V and current density of 70 mA cm-2 at voltages 1.3V and 1.16 for 2M H2O2+2M H2SO4 and 0.5M H2O2+1.5M H2SO4 concentrations. The results imply that Carbon felt has performed 10 times better than carbon cloth. The reason for this effect can be due to less contact area for cathode to perform electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide on carbon cloth. In case of Carbon felt the fibrous structure provides more surface area for cathode to electrochemically reduce hydrogen peroxide [12]. It can also be observed that the cathode with Carbon felt has shown better performance in the ohmic region with increase in concentration of hydrogen peroxide, later on same performance can be seen with 0.5M H2O2+1.5M H2SO4 in mass transf er region. This can be due to the 1.5 and 2M concentration of sulfuric acid. This is reasonable because electrochemical reaction of hydrogen peroxide involves H+ as reactant, the formation of H+ is rate determining step for electrochemical reaction of hydrogen peroxide, with concentrations of 1.5 and 2M H2SO4 there is very little difference in concentrations so there is a possibility of same performance in mass transfer region. It is evident that with the increase in concentration of hydrogen peroxide the cell performance increased. However, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is also more significant as the concentration increases and can be observed during discharge of the cell. The same can be represented in Figure 2, the fluctuant curves in mass transport region indicate the possible decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and production of gas bubbles that hindered mass transfer for the reactants [7]. 3.3 Effect of flow rate Fig.3 shows the operation of Mg-H2O2 fuel cell in flow rates of 20, 50 and 100 ml min-1. For both anode and cathode electrodes flow rates are kept constant. 0.6M NaCl was fed at anode and 0.5M H2O2 + 1.5M H2SO4 and 2M H2O2 + 2M H2SO4 was fed at cathode during operation of the cell. The curves have been recorded at temperature 70 °C. The performance of the cell shows that as the flow rate increase from 20 to 50 ml min-1 there is an improvement in performance of the cell. The flow rate was increased further 50 to 100 ml min-1 but no significance improvement can be seen in the performance. 3.4 Constant current mode The stability test for Mg-H2O2 fuel cell with carbon felt as cathode was conducted and represented in Figure 4. The measured OCV was 2.2V and the fuel cell was operated at constant current density of 50 mA cm-2 for 300 minutes. During the constant current mode operation the voltage was 1.15V and constantly decreased to 0.8V for a period of 50 minutes, during the first cycle. This is due to the consumption of Mg AZ61 anode, and was replaced with a fresh Mg AZ61 sheet for every cycle. The humps observed in the figure 4 represents cycles. Conclusion Carbon felt cathode has shown better performance in comparison with carbon cloth. Carbon felt shown a better performance with maximum power density of 91 mW cm-2 at 1.3V for 2M H2O2+2M H2SO4 which is higher than all the cathodes used and high current density of 70 mA cm-2 at voltages 1.3V and 1.16 for 2M H2O2+2M H2SO4 and 0.5M H2O2+1.5M H2SO4 concentrations which is very high in comparison with carbon cloth. References G. Anderson, Aluminum–Silver Oxide Primary Battery, US Patent #3,953,239 (1976). E.G. Dow, R.R. Bessette, M.G. Medeiros, H. Meunier, G.L. Seebach, J. Van Zee, C. Marsh-Orndorff, Enhanced electrochemical performance in the development of the aluminum–hydrogen peroxide semi-fuel cell, J. Power Sources 65 (1997) 207–212. C. Marsh, H. Munier, R. Bessette, M.G. Medeiros, J. Van Zee, G. Seebach, US Patent #5,296,429, An Effective Method for the Reduction of H2O2. M.G. Medeiros, R. Bessette, D. Dischert, J. Cichon, US Navy Patent #6,228,527, Magnesium-Solution Phase Catholyte Seawater Electrochemical System. Maria G. Medeiros, Russell R. Bessette, Craig M. Deschenes, Charles J. Patrissi, Louis G. Carreiro, Steven P. Tucker, Delmas W. Atwater, â€Å"Magnesium-solution phase catholyte semi-fuel cell for undersea vehicles†, Journal of Power Sources 136 (2004) 226–231. Weiqian Yang, Shaohua Yang, Wei Sun, Gongquan Sun, Qin Xin, â€Å"Nanostructured silver catalyzed nickel foam cathode for an aluminum–hydrogen peroxide fuel cell†, Journal of Power Sources 160 (2006) 1420–1424. Chaozhu Shu, Erdong Wang, Luhua Jiang, Qiwen Tang, Gongquan Sun, â€Å"Studies on palladium coated titanium foams cathode for Mg–H2O2 fuel cells†, Journal of Power Sources 208 (2012) 159–164. L.M. Sun, D.X. Cao, G.L. Wang, â€Å"Pd–Ru/C as the electrocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide reduction†, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 38 (2008) 1415–1419. C.J. Patrissi, R.R. Bessette, Y.K. Kim, C.R. Schumacher, Fabrication and Rate Performance of a Microfiber Cathode in a Mgà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °H2O2Flowing Electrolyte Semi-Fuel Cell†, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 155 (2008) B558–B562. M.G. Medeiros, E.G. Dow, Magnesium-solution phase catholyte seawater electrochemical system, Journal of Power Sources 80 (1999) 78–82. J. Zhang, G.P. Yin, Z.B. Wang, Y.Y. Shao, â€Å"Effects of MEA preparation on the performance of a direct methanol fuel cell†, Journal of Power Sources 160 (2006) 1035–1040. C. Ponce de Le ´on, F.C. Walsh, A. Rose, J.B. Lakeman, D.J. Browning, R.W. Reeve, â€Å"A direct borohydride—Acid peroxide fuel cell†, Journal of Power Sources 164 (2007) 441–448.

Ireland and Irish Nationalism in the Poetry of William Butler Yeats Ess

Ireland and Irish Nationalism in the Poetry of William Butler Yeats William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet, a dramatist, and a prose writer - one of the greatest English-language poets of the twentieth century. (Yeats 1) His early poetry and drama acquired ideas from Irish fable and arcane study. (Eiermann 1) Yeats used the themes of nationalism, freedom from oppression, social division, and unity when writing about his country. Yeats, an Irish nationalist, used the three poems, â€Å"To Ireland in the Coming Times,† â€Å"September 1913† and â€Å"Easter 1916† which revealed an expression of his feelings about the War of Irish Independence through theme, mood and figurative language. The theme of nationalism dominates in â€Å"To Ireland in the Coming times† and in â€Å"Easter 1916.† In the former poem, Yeats suggested the idea of Irish brotherhood to achieve justice for Ireland, â€Å"True brother of a company, that sang, to sweeten Ireland’s wrong† (Finneran 50). Although he wanted to fight for Ireland’s freedom, he did not participate in any military activities. Instead, he used songs and poems to reflect the situation in Ireland: I cast my heart into my rhymes, That you, in the dim coming times, May know how my heart went with them (Finneran 51) In the latter poem, he mentioned the names of the national heroes such as MacDonagh who died for the rebellion (Abrams 2308) and said, â€Å"Now and in time to be, / Whenever green is worn,† (Finneran 182). Green, being the colour of the soldiers’ uniforms and also the national colour of Ireland, alluded that the war was still going on in Ireland. The theme of freedom from oppression was introduced in â€Å"September 1913.† Although Yeats loved his country, he often criticized it. He left Ireland after he publish... ...d support the themes and moods that he used in different poems and he persuaded his readers to believe what he said was true. When comparing these three different elements in the poems, mood is the most effective technique since nationalism is based on the emotions one feels for one’s country. The mood is what links the themes and figurative language that attract readers’ attention. Bibliography: Works Cited List Abrams, M. H. et al. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 5th ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1986. Eiermann, Katharena. â€Å"Katharena’s ‘The Magic of Yeats’.† Yeats: Life and Times http://members.aol.com/KatharenaE/private/Pweek/Yeats/YLife.html (17 Feb. 2001). Finneran, Richard J. The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats. 2nd ed. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1996. â€Å"Yeats, William Butler†. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. 1996 ed.